Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infants, Birth to 1 year)
Psychosocial Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
Virtue: Hope
Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlers, 2 to 4 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Main Question: "Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?"
Virtue: Will
Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 4 to 6 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
Main Question: "Am I good or am I bad?"
Virtue: Purpose
Related Elements in Society: ideal prototypes/roles
Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Childhood, 7 to 13 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
Main Question: "How can I be good?"
Virtue: Competence
Related Elements in Society: division of labor
Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescents, 14 to 24 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Main Question: "Who am I and where am I going?"
Ego quality: Fidelity
Related Elements in Society: ideology
Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adults, 25 to 40 years)
Main Question: "Am I loved and wanted?" or "Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?"
Virtue: Love
Related Elements in Society: patterns of cooperation (often marriage)
Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 45 to 65 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Main Question: "Will I produce something of real value?"
Virtue: Care
Related Elements in Society: parenting, educating, or other productive social involvement
Central tasks of Middle Adulthood
Psychosocial Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
Virtue: Hope
Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlers, 2 to 4 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Main Question: "Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?"
Virtue: Will
Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 4 to 6 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
Main Question: "Am I good or am I bad?"
Virtue: Purpose
Related Elements in Society: ideal prototypes/roles
Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Childhood, 7 to 13 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
Main Question: "How can I be good?"
Virtue: Competence
Related Elements in Society: division of labor
Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescents, 14 to 24 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Main Question: "Who am I and where am I going?"
Ego quality: Fidelity
Related Elements in Society: ideology
Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adults, 25 to 40 years)
Main Question: "Am I loved and wanted?" or "Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?"
Virtue: Love
Related Elements in Society: patterns of cooperation (often marriage)
Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 45 to 65 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Main Question: "Will I produce something of real value?"
Virtue: Care
Related Elements in Society: parenting, educating, or other productive social involvement
Central tasks of Middle Adulthood
- Express love through more than sexual contacts.
- Maintain healthy life patterns.
- Develop a sense of unity with mate.
- Help growing and grown children to be responsible adults.
- Relinquish central role in lives of grown children.
- Accept children's mates and friends.
- Create a comfortable home.
- Be proud of accomplishments of self and mate/spouse.
- Reverse roles with aging parents.
- Achieve mature, civic and social responsibility.
- Adjust to physical changes of middle age.
- Use leisure time creatively.
- Love for mothers