Sentimentul de vinovatie / GUILT

How to Detect Lies

Become a Human Lie Detector (Part 1)

Warning: sometimes ignorance is bliss. After gaining this knowledge, you may be hurt when it is obvious that someone is lying to you. The following deception detection techniques are used by police, forensic psychologists, security experts and other investigators.

Introduction to Detecting Lies:

This knowledge is also useful for managers, employers, and for anyone to use in everyday situations where telling the truth from a lie can help prevent you from being a victim of fraud/scams and other deceptions.

This is just a basic run down of physical (body language) gestures and verbal cues that may indicate someone is being untruthful.

If you got here from somewhere else, be sure to check out our Lie Detection index page for more info including new research in the field of forensic psychology. Last update: March 26th, 2012.

Signs of Deception:

Body Language of Lies:

• Physical expression will be limited and stiff, with few arm and hand movements. Hand, arm and leg movement are toward their own body the liar takes up less space.

• A person who is lying to you will avoid making eye contact.

• Hands touching their face, throat & mouth. Touching or scratching the nose or behind their ear. Not likely to touch his chest/heart with an open hand.

Emotional Gestures & Contradiction

• Timing and duration of emotional gestures and emotions are off a normal pace. The display of emotion is delayed, stays longer it would naturally, then stops suddenly.

• Timing is off between emotions gestures/expressions and words. Example: Someone says "I love it!" when receiving a gift, and then smile after making that statement, rather then at the same time the statement is made.

• Gestures/expressions don’t match the verbal statement, such as frowning when saying “I love you.”

• Expressions are limited to mouth movements when someone is faking emotions (like happy, surprised, sad, awe, )instead of the whole face. For example; when someone smiles naturally their whole face is involved: jaw/cheek movement, eyes and forehead push down, etc.

 

Interactions and Reactions 

• A guilty person gets defensive. An innocent person will often go on the offensive.

• A liar is uncomfortable facing his questioner/accuser and may turn his head or body away.

• A liar might unconsciously place objects (book, coffee cup, etc.) between themselves and you.

Verbal Context and Content

• A liar will use your words to make answer a question. When asked, “Did you eat the last cookie?” The liar answers, “No, I did not eat the last cookie.”

•A statement with a contraction is more likely to be truthful: “ I didn't do it” instead of “I did not do it”

• Liars sometimes avoid "lying" by not making direct statements. They imply answers instead of denying something directly.

• The guilty person may speak more than natural, adding unnecessary details to convince you... they are not comfortable with silence or pauses in the conversation.

• A liar may leave out pronouns and speak in a monotonous tone. When a truthful statement is made the pronoun is emphasized as much or more than the rest of the words in a statement.

• Words may be garbled and spoken softly, and syntax and grammar may be off. In other

words, his sentences will likely be muddled rather than emphasized.

• The use of distancing language.

Also see our article on Statement Analysis for a more in-depth look at word analysis techniques used by interrogators.

Other signs of a lie:

• If you believe someone is lying, then change subject of a conversation quickly, a liar follows along willingly and becomes more relaxed. The guilty wants the subject changed; an innocent person may be confused by the sudden change in topics and will want to back to the previous subject.

• Using humor or sarcasm to avoid a subject.

Final Notes:

Obviously, just because someone exhibits one or more of these signs does not make them a liar. The above behaviors should be compared to a persons base (normal) behavior whenever possible.

Most lie detecting experts agree that a combination of body language and other cues must be used to make an educated guess on whether someone is telling the truth or a lie.

surse: http://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies.php

Cercetatorii britanici au facut publice anul trecut gesturile pe care un mincinos le ” practica ” fara sa-si dea seama. Prin urmare, fiti atenti când observati:

 
* expresii faciale ciudate
* gestul fals de a casca
* întinderea
* evitarea contactului vizual
* face pauze mai mult decât de obicei sau tace
* expresiile sticloase
*curatarea repetata a gâtului
*comiterea unor greseli de vorbire
*alternarea tonurilor vocii
*scrâsneste din dinti sau îsi musca buzele
*îsi atinge în mod repetat nasul
 

In unele cazuri, cei banuiti de minciuna îsi reduc expresivitatea normala a miscarilor mâinilor si bratelor, folosindu-le pentru a-si mângâia nasul, gura si sprâncenele. “Culegerea scamelor” poate fi adesea interpretata în unele circumstante ca o caracteristica a unui comportament “vinovat”.

Exista 3 tipuri de vina:

• Vina reactiva - este raspunsul la un act fatis care a incalcat unul dintre propriile standarde sau principii.

• Vina anticipata - apare in cazul in care o persoana se gandeste sa incalce anumite standarde, anticipand astfel vina reactiva. Acest sentiment ar putea actiona apoi pentru a impiedica persoana sa savarseasca abaterea de la norma.

• Vina existentiala - este rezultatul gradului de constientizare a unei discrepante intre propria bunastare si bunastarea altora.

Prezenta sentimentului de vinovatiei

1. Declaratia faptului

Declaratia faptului este un adevar dureros, dar independent, care permite o comparatie intre valorile proprii si actiunile savarsite. De exemplu, noaptea trecuta, doua milioane de copii au mers la culcare nemancati.

2. Declaratia actiunii

Potrivit declaratiei actiunii, exemplul privind copiii infomentati poate fi rescris altfel:  "In timp ce tu dormeai seara trecuta, un copil plangea".

3. Sugestia

Impuneti-va pe viitor o anumita actiune sau comportament, spunandu-va ca nu exista nicio scuza pentru a nu actiona astfel.  Acelasi exemplu prezentat prin sugestie: "Ar trebui sa donezi niste bani pentru a-i ajuta pe copiii infometati".

4. Intrebarea 

Prin intrebare, exemplul copiilor nemancati se va transforma astfel: "Ce ai facut in ultima perioada pentru a-i ajute pe copiii infometati si infrigurati?"

Efectele probelor:

Sentimentul de vinovatie apare atunci cand o regula general valabila nu este respectata si gandirea este focusata pe savarsirea acestei actiuni. El determina realizarea unor actiuni cu ajutorul carora sentimentul de vinovatie scade, si o data cu acesta si posibilitatea ca alte persoana sa afle despre existenta acesteia.