Services provided by banks

Financial services provided by the banking industry: demand deposits, time deposits, loans, electronic transfer of funds, financial advice, trust services, certified checks, safe deposit boxes.
Deposit side of banking: firms, individuals deposit money in checking accounts (demand deposit) so that they can write checks to pay for purchases. Check – written order for a bank or other financial institution to pay a stated amount to the business or the person indicated on it. Most fin inst charge fee for check accounts between 5 and 10$ per month for individual, for businesses – based on daily balance, number of checks written. Saving accounts (time deposit) – safe place to store money, conservative means of investing; the usual passbook saving account earns about 5.5% in commercial banks and more in credit unions. A depositor can earn a higher interest rate by buying a certificate of deposit that is a document stating that the bank will pay the depositor a guaranteed interest rate for money left on deposit for a specified period of time. The interest rate depends on the amount and the period of time. Depositors are penalized for earlier withdrawal of funds.
Lending side of banking: short/long term loans are provided to individuals and businesses. Short term loans are those that have to be repaid within one year. For businesses – to provide working capital that will be repaid with sales revenue. Long term loans – repaid in 3 to 7 years, sometimes 15 years – finance the growth of a firm. It is preferred collateral – real/personal property like stocks, bonds, land, and equipment. Repayment terms, interest rates are arranged between the lender and the borrower. Payment for businesses maybe be annual, semiannual, quarterly, monthly, for personal loans – depends on how the money will be used and the type of collateral.
Electronic transfer of funds (EFT) – fin trans through a comp terminal. Ways of use: 1. Automated teller machine (ATM) – costumer identified: money dispense, cash advance, even accept deposits, provide info about acc balance. ATMs are located everywhere: park lots, banks, markets, drugstores, filling stations and active all the time. 2. Point of sale (POS) – electronic cash register located in retail store and connected with a bank’s computer: choose merchandise, pull debit card through magnetic card reader in the cash register, enter personal identification number PIN – central processing center notifies the bank about purchase, bank deducts money, and sends it to the store’s account, transaction complete, receipt. Debit card – money deducted immediately, credit card – short term loan made to you by the bank or the credit card company.

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